Hating Evil
A
sermon delivered by Rev. Peter T. Atkinson
September
24, 2017
at
Bethany Presbyterian Church, Zuni, Virginia
Proverbs
1: 8-19
Luke
11: 14-23
Let us pray,
Help us to see despite
our eyes
Help us to think outside
of our minds
Help us to be more than
our lives
For your eyes show the
way
Your
mind knows the truth
Your
being is the life.
Amen.
As we continue our journey, through Paul’s marks of a Christian
from his letter to the Romans, I want to, each week read the passage, so that
we can see where we have been, where we are, and were we are headed. So here is
Romans 12: 9-21, again, because it still hasn’t gotten old yet. . . maybe it
will, for it is a long road we are taking. . .
9 Let love be genuine;
hate what is evil, hold fast to what is good; 10 love one
another with mutual affection; outdo one another in showing honor. 11 Do
not lag in zeal, be ardent in spirit, serve the Lord. 12 Rejoice
in hope, be patient in suffering, persevere in prayer. 13 Contribute
to the needs of the saints; extend hospitality to strangers.
14 Bless
those who persecute you; bless and do not curse them. 15 Rejoice
with those who rejoice, weep with those who weep. 16 Live in
harmony with one another; do not be haughty, but associate with the lowly; do
not claim to be wiser than you are. 17 Do not repay anyone evil
for evil, but take thought for what is noble in the sight of all. 18 If
it is possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. 19 Beloved,
never avenge yourselves, but leave room for the wrath of God, for it is
written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.” 20 No,
“if your enemies are hungry, feed them; if they are thirsty, give them
something to drink; for by doing this you will heap burning coals on their
heads.” 21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with
good.
So this morning we are
focusing on “hate what is evil” which is an interesting thing because in today’s
world, many people are convinced that “hate” is in fact “what is evil,” but
here we are missing an is there, instead it says clearly hate what is evil, and
that leads us to the all important question, what is evil? I remember
distinctly that in Psalm 23 it says clearly, that though I walk through the
valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil. . . and I know in the Lord’s
prayer it says deliver us from evil. . . but what is evil? And what does it
mean to hate it? For hate it but don’t fear it, and hate it, while asking
deliverance from it. . . what is evil? That’s a pretty good question right, and
one that has to do with wisdom, as if the wise would know. . . so let’s go to
the book of the Bible that is most about wisdom, Proverbs, and see what it says
is evil. This is in the first chapter of proverbs, and in my Bible it has the
subtitle, “warning against Evil Companions” this is verse 8-19
8 Hear,
my child, your father’s instruction,
and do not reject your mother’s teaching;
9 for they are a fair garland for your head,
and pendants for your neck.
10 My child, if sinners entice you,
do not consent.
11 If they say, “Come with us, let us lie in wait for blood;
let us wantonly ambush the innocent;
12 like Sheol let us swallow them alive
and whole, like those who go down to the Pit.
13 We shall find all kinds of costly things;
we shall fill our houses with booty.
14 Throw in your lot among us;
we will all have one purse”—
15 my child, do not walk in their way,
keep your foot from their paths;
16 for their feet run to evil,
and they hurry to shed blood.
17 For in vain is the net baited
while the bird is looking on;
18 yet they lie in wait—to kill themselves!
and set an ambush—for their own lives!
19 Such is the end of all who are greedy for gain;
it takes away the life of its possessors.
and do not reject your mother’s teaching;
9 for they are a fair garland for your head,
and pendants for your neck.
10 My child, if sinners entice you,
do not consent.
11 If they say, “Come with us, let us lie in wait for blood;
let us wantonly ambush the innocent;
12 like Sheol let us swallow them alive
and whole, like those who go down to the Pit.
13 We shall find all kinds of costly things;
we shall fill our houses with booty.
14 Throw in your lot among us;
we will all have one purse”—
15 my child, do not walk in their way,
keep your foot from their paths;
16 for their feet run to evil,
and they hurry to shed blood.
17 For in vain is the net baited
while the bird is looking on;
18 yet they lie in wait—to kill themselves!
and set an ambush—for their own lives!
19 Such is the end of all who are greedy for gain;
it takes away the life of its possessors.
So
in this evil is a group of bandit like folks who offer you prizes if you will
go in with them. . . they will offer you costly things, and they will share,
they will promise that if you throw in your lot with us, we will all have one
purse. . . interesting understanding of evil. . . easy perhaps to not fear it,
because it is easy to walk away from if you are wary and wise, on your toes
with your eyes wide open to weighing the consequences of your actions, and the
emptiness of their benevolent, utopia of promises. . . it seems so easy. . . I
was flipping around the tv yesterday in the little bit of time that I had to
watch some football, and on one of the channels was the old movie Goonies, you
know the one where the kids go seek to find the sunken pirate treasure of Old
One-Eyed Willie, and are hunted from behind by the escaped from prison convict
family, the Fratelli’s. . . it is easy to tell the clever, resourceful kids, from
the cruel and bumbling bandits, its always easy in the movies, but what if
those bandits aren’t so easy to spot, like they often aren’t in real life. . .
Now
let’s look to our Gospel Text, Luke 11: 14-23
14 Now
he was casting out a demon that was mute; when the demon had gone out, the one
who had been mute spoke, and the crowds were amazed. 15 But some of
them said, “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the ruler of the demons.” 16
Others, to test him, kept demanding from him a sign from heaven. 17 But
he knew what they were thinking and said to them, “Every kingdom divided
against itself becomes a desert, and house falls on house. 18 If
Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? —for you say
that I cast out the demons by Beelzebul. 19 Now if I cast out the
demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your exorcists
cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 20 But if it is
by the finger of God that I cast out the demons, then the kingdom of God has
come to you. 21 When a strong man, fully armed, guards his castle,
his property is safe. 22 But when one stronger than he attacks him
and overpowers him, he takes away his armor in which he trusted and divides his
plunder. 23 Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does
not gather with me scatters.
"Whoever is not with me is against me," those are
difficult words in today's world, aren't they? There are some people who would
hear me say “hate what is evil,” and then say, “whoever is not with me is
against me,” and start hating me,
because in our world we’ve already said people think hate is evil, another
thing many thing is evil is Division. . . and these words from Jesus are the
kind of words that separate people rather than bringing them together, building
that fence right between, with and against, us and them, and believe it or not,
here we see Jesus saying these exact words, and in our text for this Sunday we
have, "Hate what is evil." So here we are in week 2 of our marks of a
Christian series and we've already stumbled on some challenging stuff. If last
week's cry for us to live, love, and be genuine wasn't hard enough, here we are
this week having to hate evil. The Luke passage seems to paint a simple picture
of it all. Have you ever thought that if you were a character in the Bible,
faith, the walk, being a Christian, all of it would be so much simpler? When
you have demons self identifying, and you have Beelzebub and Satan rearing
their ugly heads in the light of day and in public, it is so much easier to
spot evil. Or if we could be in Tolkien's Lord
of the Rings, there would be a ring that is evil and we could destroy it,
or maybe even be Batman in Gotham City, there'd be tons of villains to defeat,
and they are all the ones with the crazy identifying marks, like penguins and
jokers and riddlers and such, or in some western where we know that evil is the
guy on the black horse. Or if we could be Luke Skywalker in Star Wars, it is
obvious who the enemy is, the empire and Darth Vader, easy enough go fight
them, hate them, destroy them. They are evil and we know it, but our world is
more like the world where all of a sudden Darth Vader turns to Luke and says,
"I'm Your Father" in those immortal words of The Empire Strikes Back. Now everything that he thought he knew
about evil has been turned upside down, and his new mission is not just to
defeat evil, but to redeem the man who was his father, hating evil, but looking
for the possibility of goodness behind the evil mask.
Such is our post modern world. It is hard for
us to know what evil is. It seems harsh to us to label anything or anybody as
evil, but here in this passage we are called, that one of the marks of a
Christian is to "Hate what is evil," but what is evil?
On my final exam for my World Literature
students when I was teaching I always gave them a final exam where they had to
answer challenging questions from their own point of view, and I promised them
that I would not grade them on what their opinion was, like whether I agreed
with them or not, but instead on how well they expressed one definitive idea,
hopefully their own, whatever they felt they wanted to say. I’d ask all kinds
of things, sometimes about the nature of education, sometimes about character
and ethical issues. I remember, one of my truly favorite questions, because I
always got good responses was the question, “Are you a good person?” Always got
the best. . . but one time I got this Korean kid, who had always been so well
mannered and respectful. . . He answered that questions saying no, I am not a
good person because I get envious and jealous of other people and I can’t help
myself. Like if someone is playing guitar, I always think that I could play
better than them, even if I really can’t, and if they are better than me, I get
really nasty, like when Mr. Atkinson sings, I think to myself, the only reason
he can sing like that is because of his big fat belly. . . I think something
like that and then I feel better, so yeah I’m not a good person, to have to bring
somebody down and not just be happy for them. . . . I was amazed, I thought
that was the best answer I have ever gotten, so out of his typical outward
persona, but so honest. . . and it made me laugh which always was worth extra
points.
But one time I remember I posed a question to
them about the nature of evil. I chose four quotes to frame the question, then
the question. I want to share the question with us as a way to start getting at
what evil is. I used the quotes to get them thinking. I'll do the same for us
this morning. Each Quote gets at a different idea of what evil is.
"Evil is a point of view" -- Anne
Rice
"Many evil things there are that your strong walls and bright swords do not stay." -- J.R.R. Tolkien
"What we call evil, it seems to me, is simply ignorance bumping its head in the dark." -- Henry Ford
"Nature, in her indifference, makes no distinction between good and evil." -- Anatole France
"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing." -- Edmund Burke
"Many evil things there are that your strong walls and bright swords do not stay." -- J.R.R. Tolkien
"What we call evil, it seems to me, is simply ignorance bumping its head in the dark." -- Henry Ford
"Nature, in her indifference, makes no distinction between good and evil." -- Anatole France
"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing." -- Edmund Burke
Here is the
question I asked them:
Does evil exist? If it does what is its
source? Does man have a responsibility to do anything in relation to evil? If
evil does not exist, why is there suffering in the world?
How would you answer that? Have you ever
thought about it? If you look at your bulletin I chose three of the responses
and printed them there for you. These are direct quotations from three of my
students, and I chose them because they get at three different sides of the
fence, if a fence has three sides. . .
The first one says:
"Evil is the
opposite of love. To give yourself completely is love. Taking in completely, on
the other hand, is evil. When one spreads love by giving to all rather than
taking from all, then joy can be found in the world."
I liked that one. It seemed like a definition of evil that could
be positive and beneficial. He really gets at some of the main ideas of what I
had hoped to teach them, but isn't hate truly the opposite of love, and if so,
how can you hate evil, as we are called to do without become evil yourself. . .
Problematic, but let's keep that idea on the back burner as we proceed.
The next two seem to reflect two popular
secular ideas about what evil is if it exists at all. The student writes:
"There are opinions
of evil and what evil things are, but there is nothing in the world everyone
can agree is evil. There are too many different aspects of life to say one
thing is good or evil because one thing that may be helping one person could be
destroying another person and vice versa."
He is basically holding up the relativists point of view, very
popular today. Evil is a mere matter of opinion, and since there are so many
different opinions, then there must be no such thing as something that is
absolutely evil, and by the way there is nothing absolutely good either, and no
absolute truth. Very prevalent among my students.
Leaving us with the third student, which is
very similar to the second, just more informed, from a anthropology standpoint,
more educated, erudite, and intellectually honest, yet arrogant, if you didn't
think so just ask him, writing. . .
"Evil exists only
because we have made a "moral scale" or "system" to measure
how good or bad something is on a level of the society's standards."
Basically he is
saying, like student number 2, just going one step further, stating that we as
a society determine evil, based on our society's standards, but you can see
from his use of quotation marks, that he sees moral scale and system as a bogus
artificial made up kind of thing that those in power use over those who lack
power, but there is no truth behind it. They are merely arbitrary standards
that have seemed to work for us, maybe, or at least until we evolve and don't
need them anymore.
Again I'll pose the
question to you all. What is evil? Does it exist? Is it real? Is it one thing
or many? Is it easily definable? Is it embodied in a devil type character, you
know a little red dude who lives beneath the ground, but comes up to haunt and scare,
or to sit on our shoulders and debate with the little cartoon angel we have on
the other shoulder? Or is evil within human beings? Is it merely a
manifestation of human sin? Do you know evil when you see it? Can you look at
an event or a person or an idea and say, that's evil? Was Adolf Hitler evil? Is
driving an airplane into skyscrapers in the middle of a normal workday morning
evil? Is the persecution of Christians evil, the beheading of innocents? Is the
systematic slaughter of a race evil? Is slavery evil? Yes, Yes, Yes. It seems
to me that the relative argument only exists in the vacuum of a philosophical
academic discussion because when you start looking at examples of evil, it is
not hard to find and distinguish them. It may be uncomfortable; it may be
easier to avoid the topic of evil altogether.
One thing that is
interesting in our marks of a Christian passage is that the word Evil is used
twice. . . here with ours today, hate what is evil, and then at the very end
where it says, “do not be overcome with evil, but overcome evil with good.”
Hmmm, he plot thickens. . . so if we were to take these together, we’d have to
hate what is evil, but somehow not be overcome by it, quite a challenge I
think. . . because that hate slope is a slippery one, and it is easy to become
the very thing you are fighting against. . . it is just true about human
nature. . . and this is something I want us to remember as we go forward
because these can and probably should be thought of in the same context, and
they definitely are related, but despite that I’m going do everything I can to
separate them because there is something that must be said, though I don’t
necessary want to. . . because it just makes an already challenging text, more
so, and that is that they are completely different words in the original
language of Greek. . .
The Greeks actually have two words for evil, and both are used
right here within the confines of our
passage. These words for evil from the original Greek language are actually two
completely different words. In "hate what is evil" you have
"poneros" used for evil, and in "do not be overcome by
evil" you have a completely different word entirely, "kakos."
Getting at the difference between these two words gives us a deeper insight
into what is going on in this text. I looked at a lot of different sources to
get to the bottom of the difference between these words. According to Strong's
Greek Lexicon, the difference is Kakos describes the quality according to its nature, poneros,
according to its effects. In other words Kakos
is describing evil in a person, and in that being a person who is less than
what they were created to be, something missing, and Poneros refers with the hazardous effects of wicked or evil deeds.
When we read this passage like this we seem to
be more in line with the overall Gospel message of loving our neighbor, and/or
our enemies, rather than hating them . This passage is not asking us to hate
people, but to hate evil, and its effects, but now what are evil effects? How
can we get at what exactly signifies something as evil? "Poneros"
gets at things that cause toil, burdens, struggles, pain. We can look at all of
those things and see evil right, maybe, but sometimes those struggles, burdens,
and pain are the things that make us grow, so that is hardly evil, right?
People who suffer no struggle never grow, people who suffer no pain, don't get
stronger, people who are unburden seem to shrink and become weaker, mere shades
of their former selves, so I have trouble with this narrow idea of the essence
of evil. Evil can't just be the things that make us uncomfortable or work
harder. To me that is too much like heading into the realm of relativity, you
know, I don't like it if it makes me struggle. Evil seems to be bigger, more
devastating. Now last night as I was looking through and revising and writing
this, I was relooking at this very part, when Clara woke up screaming because
her ear was hurting, and we tried drops and all the other things, but it just
wouldn’t help, and she was screaming and I was trying to calm her down, not
really being able to do much. . . . now I don’t know whether whatever was
causing her that pain was evil or not, in this high minded paragraph that I
wrote about pain and struggle and their growth effects, but at the time I can
tell you I had not problem hating it, and considering it to be evil as it could
right well be. So I get that sometimes in the heat of the moment our definition
may be different.
But it seems to me that the best way of looking
at what is evil, is not just what is burdensome, but what destroys life, both
physically and spiritually. If God is good, and created life for living, then
destroying life would be the opposite of good, evil. Now let's look at our list
of things that I posed as being evil earlier. Hitler--putting the world at war,
systematic killing of Jews, repression of human freedom, Hitler's got it all. Driving an airplane
into skyscrapers in the middle of a normal workday morning, yes destroying of
life, so many lives on that day, but also the after effects, fear, reduction of
freedom, invasion of privacy, going to war. Isis over there in the Middle East,
their persecution of Christians, the beheading of innocents, driving trucks
into crowds, just to kill. It's evil.
And finally slavery, yes the ultimate evil. It destroys the human will
and the human spirit because it reduces a human to being a tool. I called
slavery the ultimate evil, because though it does not physically kill in most
cases, rather it kills everything about what it means to be human. And slavery
takes on many forms, chained slavery, slavery to the state, slavery to an idea,
slavery of the mind, slavery to fear, and of course slavery to sin.
These are all things that we are called to
hate. There is always the danger though, and that is the power of hate to
become an evil in itself. . . I started this morning by looking at a few movie
versions the struggle between good and evil. Most of them try to show this
danger. In The Lord of the Rings
there is a constant threat that the ring that Frodo is called to destroy will
come to possess him, turning him toward the evil. In Star Wars, Return of the Jedi, when Luke finally
faces Vader, his father, and the emperor, the emperor tries to use Luke's hatred
of evil to turn him to the Darkside of the force. In both the heroes are faced
not only with the evil that they are fighting against but also the capacity for
evil that is within them. Frodo and Luke both persevere and resist, but for us
there is always that danger. It is just as true for us. As we work hard to try
to keep 911 from happening again, we are constantly in threat to become the
evil we are fighting. It is not that we aren't supposed to fight evil, we are,
but we have to be constantly vigilant that we don't lose ourselves in the fight
allowing the hatred of evil to overwhelm us. When we found and killed Osama Bin
Laden I wrote the following poem:
Although on this day the free world rejoices,
Part of me stops because being the hand of justice
Is dangerous. It is too much power, and I pray
It will not corrupt as it tends to do. Especially
When justice is wrapped in the flag of vengeance
And the proud man stands above, satisfied,
Taking credit for the triumph of Good over Evil,
But by what means? May we seek a world
Where Evil is overcome with Good, where
Vengeance and Justice are in God’s hands,
For it is only finite justice that we can do,
Temporary, incomplete, and only partial good,
With the shadow of Evil rising again behind us
In the eclipse of our increasing, ever escalating
Misguided, but well intentioned action.
I'm not saying that he shouldn't have been
killed, I'm saying that it was evil to kill him, and we have to hate what is
evil, even when it is within ourselves, even when it is a "necessary"
evil. It is really easy to let our need for revenge, or our hatred of an evil
act transform us, and we can't do that.
This idea leads us
straight into our text for next week, which states, "hold fast to what is
good." We must because hating evil is a slippery slope, and though we are
called to hate what is evil, we know that hatred us leaves us hanging over a
pit, and our only chance is to hold fast to what is good. God give us the
strength. May it ever be so.